During the Byzantine era, the Basilica Cistern played a vital role in meeting the water needs of the Great Palace, where the emperor resided, and the local inhabitants. After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453, the cistern briefly served as a water source for Topkapi Palace, the residence of the Sultans. However, the Ottomans preferred running water and established their own water facilities throughout the city. Consequently, the cistern fell out of use, remaining unnoticed by the Western world until the mid-16th century. The cistern was first mentioned as “Yerebatan” in Ottoman sources in the 18th century. The origin of the word “Yerebatan” is based on the words underground and going underground. This cistern was mentioned with this name because it was located underground and contained water.
In 1544-1550, a Dutch traveler named P. Gyllius stumbled upon the cistern while researching Byzantine ruins. He discovered the entrance to the cistern through stone steps leading underground from a wooden building surrounded by walls. Gyllius ventured into the cistern with a torch in hand and marveled at its grandeur. Rowing through the cistern's waters, he meticulously measured its dimensions and documented the columns. Gyllius's account of his experience was published in a travel book, influencing subsequent travelers and bringing the Basilica Cistern to the attention of the Western world.
Since its establishment, the Basilica Cistern has undergone numerous renovations. It was repaired twice during the Ottoman Empire, first during the reign of Ahmed III (1723) by the architect Mehmet Aga, and later during the rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). In the Republican period, Istanbul Municipality undertook a thorough cleaning of the cistern in 1987, opening it to visitors and creating a route for exploration. Another extensive cleaning took place in May 1994, ensuring its preservation for generations to come.
This enigmatic venue has captivated many notable figures, including former US President Bill Clinton, Wim Kok, the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Lamberto Dini, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy, Goran Persson, Former Prime Minister of Sweden, and Thomas Klestil, Former Prime Minister of Austria. Today, the Basilica Cistern is operated by Kultur A.S., an affiliate of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, functioning as a museum and hosting national and international events.
As you wander through this historical treasure, take a moment to appreciate its architectural marvels, immerse yourself in its mysterious ambiance, and let the whispers of the past guide your journey. Enjoy your exploration of the Basilica Cistern!