ISTANBUL, TURKEY

Basilica Cistern

Welcome to the Basilica Cistern, a hidden gem steeped in history and mystery. As you explore this remarkable underground water reservoir, let us guide you through its intriguing past and remarkable features.

Step into the depths of history as you enter the Basilica Cistern, a magnificent ancient structure located southwest of the Hagia Sophia. Built during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinianus I (527-565), this colossal underground reservoir is known as the "Yerebatan Cistern" by the locals, owing to its underground marble columns. It is also called the Basilica Cistern due to the basilica that once stood in its place.

Prepare to be amazed by the sheer size of this structure. Stretching an impressive 140 meters long and 70 meters wide, it covers a vast rectangular area. To access the cistern, descend a staircase with 52 steps that leads you into its captivating depths.

Inside, you'll find yourself surrounded by a mesmerizing sight: 336 towering columns, each reaching an astounding height of 9 meters. These columns are arranged in 12 rows, with 28 columns in each row, standing 4.80 meters apart from one another. The arches supported by these columns form the striking visual of the cistern's interior. Most of these columns were sourced from ancient structures and sculpted from various types of marble. While the majority consists of single-piece columns, there are a few composed of two parts. Notably, 98 columns reflect the Corinthian style, while others showcase the Dorian style. The cistern's brick walls stand at an impressive height of 4.80 meters, and the floor is covered with bricks and plastered with a thick layer of brick dust mortar to ensure water tightness.

Covering a vast area of 9,800 square meters, the Basilica Cistern boasts an estimated water storage capacity of a staggering 100,000 tons. Imagine the vastness of this underground reservoir as you explore its corridors.

Among the fascinating features of the cistern, the Medusa heads steal the spotlight. Notice two Medusa heads serving as supports under columns at the northwest edge. These incredible works of art date back to the Roman period, but their exact origins remain unknown. Researchers speculate that they might have been brought here to support the columns during the cistern's construction. However, myths and legends surrounding the Medusa heads continue to captivate visitors.

 

According to ancient Greek mythology, Medusa was one of the three Gorgons, female monsters of the underground world. Medusa, with her snake-like hair and the power to turn anyone who looked at her into stone, was a formidable figure. In that era, paintings and sculptures of Gorgons were believed to protect important structures and special places. Placing the head of Medusa in the cistern was thought to serve a protective purpose.

Another legend tells a tale of Medusa as a beautiful girl who fell in love with Perseus, the son of Zeus. However, Athena, who was also infatuated with Perseus, grew jealous. In her fury, Athena transformed Medusa's lovely locks into a nest of snakes. From that moment on, anyone who laid eyes upon Medusa was turned to stone. Eventually, Perseus defeated Medusa, wielding her power against his enemies.

Interestingly, the sculptor responsible for the Medusa heads took into account the play of light and shadow. Depending on the angle of light, Medusa's face is depicted in three different positions, adding an artistic touch to this mysterious feature.